Search results for "Ribonucleotide excision repair"
showing 3 items of 3 documents
RNase H1 and H2 Are Differentially Regulated to Process RNA-DNA Hybrids
2019
Summary: RNA-DNA hybrids are tightly regulated to ensure genome integrity. The RNase H enzymes RNase H1 and H2 contribute to chromosomal stability through the removal of RNA-DNA hybrids. Loss of RNase H2 function is implicated in human diseases of the nervous system and cancer. To better understand RNA-DNA hybrid dynamics, we focused on elucidating the regulation of the RNase H enzymes themselves. Using yeast as a model system, we demonstrate that RNase H1 and H2 are controlled in different manners. RNase H2 has strict cell cycle requirements, in that it has an essential function in G2/M for both R-loop processing and ribonucleotide excision repair. RNase H1, however, can function independe…
Molecular and physiological consequences of faulty eukaryotic ribonucleotide excision repair
2019
Abstract The duplication of the eukaryotic genome is an intricate process that has to be tightly safe‐guarded. One of the most frequently occurring errors during DNA synthesis is the mis‐insertion of a ribonucleotide instead of a deoxyribonucleotide. Ribonucleotide excision repair (RER) is initiated by RNase H2 and results in error‐free removal of such mis‐incorporated ribonucleotides. If left unrepaired, DNA‐embedded ribonucleotides result in a variety of alterations within chromosomal DNA, which ultimately lead to genome instability. Here, we review how genomic ribonucleotides lead to chromosomal aberrations and discuss how the tight regulation of RER timing may be important for preventin…
RNase H1 and H2 are differentially regulated to eliminate RNA-DNA hybrids
2019
SUMMARYRNA-DNA hybrids are tightly regulated to ensure genome integrity. The RNase H enzymes, RNase H1 and H2, contribute to chromosomal stability through the removal of RNA-DNA hybrids. Loss of RNase H2 function is implicated in human diseases of the nervous system and cancer. To better understand RNA-DNA hybrid dynamics, we have focused on elucidating the regulation of the RNase H enzymes themselves. Using yeast as a model system, we demonstrate that RNase H1 and H2 are controlled in different manners. RNase H2 is regulated in a strict cell cycle dependent manner, both in terms of its R-loop removal, and ribonucleotide excision repair functions. RNase H1, however, can function independent…